Thank you for sending your assignment. Here is the feedback. Please work on the changes and resend the amended ones before 5 Aug 2011.~Siti, 2 Aug 2011
Non Revenue Water Leakage reduction may also be an opportunity to improve relations with the public and employees. A leak detection program may be highly visible, encouraging people to think about water conservation.The reduction of commercial losses, while politically and socially challenging, can also improve relations with the public, since some consumers may be reluctant to pay their water bills knowing that many others use services without being billed or being underbilled.
Advantages of NRW reduction, in particular of leakage reduction, include
financial gains from increased water sales or reduced water production, including possibly the delay of costly capacity expansion;
increased knowledge about the distribution system;
increased firefighting capability due to increased pressure;
reduced property damage; and
reduced risk of contamination.
Disadvantages of NRW reduction, in particular of leakage reduction, include
More Water has been trow-out.
Produced more leakages
Line pipe system can make a problem.
Customer will get low pressure for water supply.
State or Federal can’t get profit and benefit
Sources of water that limited. Government forced to find new sources of water.
Asalamualaikum... actually, i want to inform you about my team. after the discussion, we have a new member name is Jamilah Bt. Mustafa. his e-mail address is ila_gurlz89@yahoo.com. So, we have three member in my team, Yantz, Fata172 and mila. I'm very sorry and hope you can help and accept my new team. thank you..
Non revenue water (NRW) 1. is water that has been produced and is lost before it reaches the customer. Losses can be real losses (through leaks, sometimes also referred to as physical losses) or apparent losses (for example through theft or metering inaccuracies). High levels of NRW are detrimental to the financial viability of water utilities, as well to the quality of water itself. NRW is typically measured as the volume of water "lost" as a share of net water produced. However, it is sometimes also expressed as the volume of water lost per km of water distribution network per day.
2. The International Water Association (IWA) has developed a detailed methodology to assess the various components of NRW. Accordingly NRW has the following components: § Unbilled authorized consumption: can include water used for firefighting or free water distributed at standpipes or provided to religious institutions. § Apparent losses (water theft and metering inaccuracies): comprise unauthorized consumption and metering inaccuracies. It is estimated that in Asian cities 50–65% of NRW is due to apparent losses. Unauthorized consumption means illegal use, and this could be (i) sole illegal connections, (ii) illegal connections to properties that also have legal connections, or (iii) illegal connections for the purpose of selling water. Metering inaccuracies can include malfunctioning water meters, estimated water consumption (when meters are not working), and misreading water meters. § Real losses: comprise leakage from transmission or distribution mains, leakage and overflow from utility storage and balance tanks, and leakage in reticulation systems (especially service connections) up to the point of metering. Experience has shown that most leakage results from service connections, and to a large extent this is due to poor construction.
Scope Of Work Provided Under NRW Reduction Project :
District Metered Zones (DMZ) design and construction
Pressure Management Area (PMA) design and construction
Active Leakage Detection for below-ground non-visible leaks
Water Balance calculations
Illegal usage survey and detection
Mapping, verification and updating
Geographical Information System (GIS) and Digital Mapping services
Leak Repairs
Hydraulic Modeling
Improvement and upgrading of District Metered Zones (DMZ)
Maintenance and Servicing of automatic controlled valves – pressure reducing, altitude, constant flow, surge etc.
Water Distribution Management System
NRW Assessment and Analysis
Benefits of NRW reduction, in particular of leakage reduction, include
financial gains from increased water sales or reduced water production, including possibly the delay of costly capacity expansion;
increased knowledge about the distribution system;
increased firefighting capability due to increased pressure;
Non revenue water (NRW) 1. is water that has been produced and is lost before it reaches the customer. Losses can be real losses (through leaks, sometimes also referred to as physical losses) or apparent losses (for example through theft or metering inaccuracies). High levels of NRW are detrimental to the financial viability of water utilities, as well to the quality of water itself. NRW is typically measured as the volume of water "lost" as a share of net water produced. However, it is sometimes also expressed as the volume of water lost per km of water distribution network per day.
2. The International Water Association (IWA) has developed a detailed methodology to assess the various components of NRW. Accordingly NRW has the following components: § Unbilled authorized consumption: can include water used for firefighting or free water distributed at standpipes or provided to religious institutions. § Apparent losses (water theft and metering inaccuracies): comprise unauthorized consumption and metering inaccuracies. It is estimated that in Asian cities 50–65% of NRW is due to apparent losses. Unauthorized consumption means illegal use, and this could be (i) sole illegal connections, (ii) illegal connections to properties that also have legal connections, or (iii) illegal connections for the purpose of selling water. Metering inaccuracies can include malfunctioning water meters, estimated water consumption (when meters are not working), and misreading water meters. § Real losses: comprise leakage from transmission or distribution mains, leakage and overflow from utility storage and balance tanks, and leakage in reticulation systems (especially service connections) up to the point of metering. Experience has shown that most leakage results from service connections, and to a large extent this is due to poor construction.
CONSUMER CONSUMER CONSUMER CONSUMER CONSUMER consumer complaint if x find leak PBA will detect leak and the problem
Repair Finish
Water Statistics 2009 · Penang · Kedah · Perlis · Perak · Kelantan · Terengganu · Pahang · Selangor · Negeri Sembilan · Melaka · Johor · Sarawak · Labuan · Sabah
Thank you for sending your assignment. Here is the feedback. Please work on the changes and resend the amended ones before 5 Aug 2011.~Siti, 2 Aug 2011
Non Revenue Water
Leakage reduction may also be an opportunity to improve relations with the public and employees. A leak detection program may be highly visible, encouraging people to think about water conservation.The reduction of commercial losses, while politically and socially challenging, can also improve relations with the public, since some consumers may be reluctant to pay their water bills knowing that many others use services without being billed or being underbilled.
Advantages of NRW reduction, in particular of leakage reduction, include
Disadvantages of NRW reduction, in particular of leakage reduction, include
http://www.jalurcahaya.com.my/nrw-def.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-revenue_water
Asalamualaikum... actually, i want to inform you about my team. after the discussion, we have a new member name is Jamilah Bt. Mustafa. his e-mail address is ila_gurlz89@yahoo.com. So, we have three member in my team, Yantz, Fata172 and mila. I'm very sorry and hope you can help and accept my new team. thank you..
Non revenue water (NRW)
1. is water that has been produced and is lost before it reaches the customer. Losses can be real losses (through leaks, sometimes also referred to as physical losses) or apparent losses (for example through theft or metering inaccuracies). High levels of NRW are detrimental to the financial viability of water utilities, as well to the quality of water itself. NRW is typically measured as the volume of water "lost" as a share of net water produced. However, it is sometimes also expressed as the volume of water lost per km of water distribution network per day.
2. The International Water Association (IWA) has developed a detailed methodology to assess the various components of NRW. Accordingly NRW has the following components:
§ Unbilled authorized consumption:
can include water used for firefighting or free water distributed at standpipes or provided to religious institutions.
§ Apparent losses (water theft and metering inaccuracies):
comprise unauthorized consumption and metering inaccuracies. It is estimated that in Asian cities 50–65% of NRW is due to apparent losses. Unauthorized consumption means illegal use, and this could be (i) sole illegal connections, (ii) illegal connections to properties that also have legal connections, or (iii) illegal connections for the purpose of selling water. Metering inaccuracies can include malfunctioning water meters, estimated water consumption (when meters are not working), and misreading water meters.
§ Real losses:
comprise leakage from transmission or distribution mains, leakage and overflow from utility storage and balance tanks, and leakage in reticulation systems (especially service connections) up to the point of metering. Experience has shown that most leakage results from service connections, and to a large extent this is due to poor construction.
Non revenue water (NRW)
1. is water that has been produced and is lost before it reaches the customer. Losses can be real losses (through leaks, sometimes also referred to as physical losses) or apparent losses (for example through theft or metering inaccuracies). High levels of NRW are detrimental to the financial viability of water utilities, as well to the quality of water itself. NRW is typically measured as the volume of water "lost" as a share of net water produced. However, it is sometimes also expressed as the volume of water lost per km of water distribution network per day.
2. The International Water Association (IWA) has developed a detailed methodology to assess the various components of NRW. Accordingly NRW has the following components:
§ Unbilled authorized consumption:
can include water used for firefighting or free water distributed at standpipes or provided to religious institutions.
§ Apparent losses (water theft and metering inaccuracies):
comprise unauthorized consumption and metering inaccuracies. It is estimated that in Asian cities 50–65% of NRW is due to apparent losses. Unauthorized consumption means illegal use, and this could be (i) sole illegal connections, (ii) illegal connections to properties that also have legal connections, or (iii) illegal connections for the purpose of selling water. Metering inaccuracies can include malfunctioning water meters, estimated water consumption (when meters are not working), and misreading water meters.
§ Real losses:
comprise leakage from transmission or distribution mains, leakage and overflow from utility storage and balance tanks, and leakage in reticulation systems (especially service connections) up to the point of metering. Experience has shown that most leakage results from service connections, and to a large extent this is due to poor construction.
Water Statistics 2009
· Penang
· Kedah
· Perlis
· Perak
· Kelantan
· Terengganu
· Pahang
· Selangor
· Negeri Sembilan
· Melaka
· Johor
· Sarawak
· Labuan
· Sabah
Non Revenue Water (NRW) -2009